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welding, is one of the oldest and most versatile welding processes, but in
recent years it has become less popular in industrial applications. It is still
widely used for welding pipes and tubes, as well as repair work. The equipment
is relatively inexpensive and simple, generally employing the combustion of
acetylene in oxygen to produce a welding flame temperature of more than 3000
degrees C. The flame, since it is less concentrated than an electric arc, causes
slower weld cooling, which can lead to greater residual stresses and weld
distortion, though it eases the welding of high alloy steels. Other methods,
such as air acetylene welding, oxygen hydrogen welding, and pressure gas welding
are quite similar, generally differing only in the type of gases used. A similar
process, generally called oxy-fuel cutting, is used to cut metals.