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Most commonly,
workpieces are welded by melting both of them and adding more molten metal or
plastic to form a pool that cools to form a strong joint. The energy to form the
joint between metal workpieces most often comes from a flame (e.g.
oxy-acetylene) or an electric arc, but welding by laser beam, electron beam,
ultrasound and friction processes is well established. Energy for fusion welding
of thermoplastics typically comes from direct contact with a heated tool or a
hot gas.